Not killed in battle or even casualties of war but put to death, often in factories built expressly for murder. Jews call it the “ Shoah” – an ancient word for "disaster” or “catastrophe." The mass, industrialized murder of European Jewry, the culmination of centuries of hate in an explosion of unimaginable brutality, left nearly six million Jews dead. We strive for accuracy and fairness.Shosanna Dreyfus, the vengeful Jewish herione of Quentin Tarantino's 'Inglourious Basterds." Photo 12 In 1993, Steven Spielberg brought the story of Oskar Schindler to the big screen with his film, Schindler's List. He was named a Righteous Gentile by Yad Vashem in 1962, and after his death in 1974, at age 66, Oskar Schindler was interred in the Catholic cemetery on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. Schindler spent the rest of his life supported by donations from the Schindlerjuden. He left his wife and traveled to West Germany, where he made an unsuccessful attempt in the cement business. For more than a decade, Schindler tried farming, only to declare bankruptcy in 1957. The day after the war ended, Schindler and his wife fled to Argentina with the help of the Schindlerjuden to avoid prosecution for his previous spying activities. The employees spent the remaining months of the war in the factory.ĭuring the war, Emilie joined Oskar in Krakow, and by the war’s end, the couple was penniless, having used his fortune to bribe authorities and save his workers. Not wanting to contribute to the German war effort, Schindler ordered his workers to purposefully make defective products that would fail inspection. Permission was granted and the factory was moved. With Stern’s help, Schindler created a list of 1,100 Jewish names he deemed “essential” for the new factory. He was told to draw up a list of workers he wanted to take with him. Schindler requested Göth allow him to relocate his factory to Brnĕnec, in the Sudetenland, and produce war goods.
In 1944, Plaszow transitioned from a labor camp to a concentration camp and all Jews were to be sent to the death camp at Auschwitz. Schindler cultivated a relationship with Göth, and whenever any of his workers were threatened with deportation to a concentration camp or execution, Schindler managed to provide a black-market gift or bribe to save their lives. In early 1943, the Nazis implemented the liquidation of the Krakow Jewish population and opened up the Plaszow work camp, run by the notoriously sadistic commandant, Amon Göth.
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After several tense minutes of dropping names and making veiled threats, Schindler was able to free his workers and escort them back to the factory. Schindler raced to the train station and confronted an SS officer, arguing that his workers were essential to the war effort. When the Nazis began to relocate Krakow’s Jews to labor camps, Itzhak Stern and several hundred other employees were among them. By 1942, nearly half of his employees were Jewish and were known as Schindlerjuden (Schindler Jews). With the help of Stern, he found reasons to hire more Jewish workers, regardless of their abilities. But as Nazi atrocities against the Jewish community increased, Schindler’s attitude changed. Initially, Schindler hired Jewish workers because they were a less expensive Polish workforce.
Starting out with 45 employees, the company grew to more than 1,700 at its peak in 1944. Wanting to expand his business interests, Schindler obtained a former Jewish enamelware factory to produce goods for the German military. By October, Schindler used his charm and doled out “gifts of gratitude” (contraband goods) to bribe high-ranking German officers. Looking for business opportunities, he quickly became involved in the black market. Schindler left his wife and traveled to Krakow, hoping to profit from the impending war. In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, starting World War II. Schindler would take advantage of this second chance. He was arrested by Czech authorities in 1938, charged with spying and sentenced to death but was released shortly thereafter, when Germany annexed the Sudetenland. Sensing the shift in political momentum, Schindler joined a local pro-Nazi organization and began collecting intelligence for the German military. In the 1930s, the political landscape of Europe changed dramatically with the rise of Adolf Hitler and the German Nazi Party.
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